alternatives for testing products, and are against the indiscriminate use of animals in research.

Also, they have a very good scientific reason for looking after the animals in their care, as only healthy animals provide reliable research results.

Where there is no alternative to the use of animals, and there is a scientific or educational justification, every effort is made to minimise the animals' pain and distress.

As a final safeguard, there are strict laws which protect laboratory animals:

• All research and teaching using animals must be carried out under a code of conduct.  In Australia there is a National Code of Practice which applies to the use of animals in research and teaching.  In New Zealand, every institution has its own code of conduct based on the requirements of the Animals Protection Act.  The codes must be approved by the appropriate government minister.
• Every Australian and New Zealand institution which uses animals in research and teaching has an

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