ALLIANCE FOR HUMAN RESEARCH PROTECTION (AHRP)
Promoting Openness, Full Disclosure, and Accountability
http://www.ahrp.org and
http://ahrp.blogspot.com
FYI
A news item in The New York Times: "Judges Plead Guilty in Payoffs for Jailing
Youths" is more than just another example of corruption.
The Times reports: "prosecutors say that Judge Conahan, 56, secured contracts
for the two centers to house juvenile offenders, Judge Ciavarella, 58, was the
one who carried out the sentencing to keep the centers filled." An estimated
5,000 juveniles who have been sentenced by Judge Ciavarella since the scheme
started in 2003.
The judges' moral turpitude aside, the story provides a glimpse into an
unacknowledged relationship between law enforcement and psychiatry. Providers of
psychiatric services rely on the juvenile detention system and child foster care
system for a steady flow of "clients"--a government sanctioned referral system.
The "care" provided to these involuntary "clients" is paid for by taxpayers.
This is a chilling reminder of the unholy alliance between Soviet psychiatry and
the judiciary. In that regime, political dissidents were sentenced to the care
of psychiatry. In the US, today, thousands upon thousands of children and
adolescents are being condemned to equally painful, debilitating
psychopharmacological treatments.
President Obama's administration needs to come up with a prescription for
change: children should be protected from coercive, demonstrably harmful
treatments--and hundreds of millions of dollars can be redirected for humane
services.
Contact: Vera Hassner Sharav
212-595-8974
veracare@ahrp.org
THE NEW YORK TIMES
February 13, 2009
Judges Plead Guilty in Payoffs for Jailing Youths
By IAN URBINA and SEAN D. HAMILL
At worst, Hillary Transue thought she might get a stern lecture when she
appeared before a judge for building a spoof MySpace page mocking the assistant
principal at her high school in Wilkes-Barre, Pa. She was a stellar student who
had never been in trouble, and the page stated clearly at the bottom that it was
just a joke.
Instead, the judge sentenced her to three months at a juvenile detention center
on a charge of harassment.
She was handcuffed and taken away as her stunned parents stood by.
"I felt like I had been thrown into some surreal sort of nightmare," said
Hillary, 17, who was sentenced in 2007. "All I wanted to know was how this could
be fair and why the judge would do such a thing."
The answers became a bit clearer on Thursday as the judge, Mark A. Ciavarella
Jr., and a colleague, Michael T. Conahan, appeared in federal court in Scranton,
Pa., to plead guilty to wire fraud and income tax fraud for taking more than
$2.6 million in kickbacks to send teenagers to two privately run youth detention
centers run by PA Child Care and a sister company, Western PA Child Care.
While prosecutors say that Judge Conahan, 56, secured contracts for the two
centers to house juvenile offenders, Judge Ciavarella, 58, was the one who
carried out the sentencing to keep the centers filled.
"In my entire career, I've never heard of anything remotely approaching this,"
said Senior Judge Arthur E. Grim, who was appointed by the State Supreme Court
this week to determine what should be done with the estimated 5,000 juveniles
who have been sentenced by Judge Ciavarella since the scheme started in 2003.
Many of them were first-time offenders and some remain in detention.
The case has shocked Luzerne County, an area in northeastern Pennsylvania that
has been battered by a loss of industrial jobs and the closing of most of its
anthracite coal mines.
And it raised concerns about whether juveniles should be required to have
counsel either before or during their appearances in court and whether juvenile
courts should be open to the public or child advocates.
If the court agrees to the plea agreement, both judges will serve 87 months in
federal prison and resign from the bench and bar. They are expected to be
sentenced in the next several months. Lawyers for both men declined to comment.
Since state law forbids retirement benefits to judges convicted of a felony
while in office, the judges would also lose their pensions.
With Judge Conahan serving as president judge in control of the budget and Judge
Ciavarella overseeing the juvenile courts, they set the kickback scheme in
motion in December 2002, the authorities said.
They shut down the county-run juvenile detention center, arguing that it was in
poor condition, the authorities said, and maintained that the county had no
choice but to send detained juveniles to the newly built private detention
centers.
Prosecutors say the judges tried to conceal the kickbacks as payments to a
company they control in Florida.
Though he pleaded guilty to the charges Thursday, Judge Ciavarella has denied
sentencing juveniles who did not deserve it or sending them to the detention
centers in a quid pro quo with the centers.
But Assistant United States Attorney Gordon A. Zubrod said after the hearing
that the government continues to allege a quid pro quo.
"We're not negotiating that, no," Mr. Zubrod said. "We're not backing off."
No charges have been filed against executives of the detention centers.
Prosecutors said the investigation into the case was continuing.
For years, youth advocacy groups complained that Judge Ciavarella was unusually
harsh. He sent a quarter of his juvenile defendants to detention centers from
2002 to 2006, compared with a state rate of 1 in 10. He also routinely ignored
requests for leniency made by prosecutors and probation officers.
"The juvenile system, by design, is intended to be a less punitive system than
the adult system, and yet here were scores of children with very minor
infractions having their lives ruined," said Marsha Levick, a lawyer with the
Philadelphia-based Juvenile Law Center.
"There was a culture of intimidation surrounding this judge and no one was
willing to speak up about the sentences he was handing down."
Last year, the Juvenile Law Center, which had raised concerns about Judge
Ciavarella in the past, filed a motion to the State Supreme Court about more
than 500 juveniles who had appeared before the judge without representation. The
court originally rejected the petition, but recently reversed that decision.
The United States Supreme Court ruled in 1967 that children have a
constitutional right to counsel. But in Pennsylvania, as in 20 other states,
children can waive counsel, and about half of all children that Judge Ciavarella
sentenced had chosen to do so. Only Illinois, New Mexico and North Carolina
require juveniles to have representation when they appear before judges.
Clay Yeager, the former director of the Office of Juvenile Justice in
Pennsylvania, said that typical juvenile proceedings are kept closed to the
public to protect the privacy of children.
"But they are kept open to probation officers, district attorneys, and public
defenders, all of whom are sworn to protect the interests of children," he said.
"It's pretty clear those people didn't do their jobs."
On Thursday in Federal District Court in Scranton, both judges had their own
lawyers with them as they sat at separate tables. They offered only the
occasional "Yes, your honor" when Judge Edwin M. Kosik asked if they agreed with
what was being said, or "No, your honor" when asked if they were on any
medication.
More than 80 people packed every available seat in the courtroom, some of them
angry Luzerne County employees, some parents of juveniles whom Judge Ciavarella
had sentenced, and some people upset with the way someone they knew was treated
by both judges over the years.
At one point, as Assistant United States Attorney William S. Houser explained to
Judge Kosik that the government was willing to reach a plea agreement with the
men because the case involved "complex charges that could have resulted in years
of litigation," one man sitting in the audience said "bull" loud enough to be
heard by most of the courtroom.
The antipathy continued as Judge Conahan and Judge Ciavarella, who are free on
bond, left the courthouse, where a dozen or so people gathered to jeer at them
as they rushed into waiting vehicles.
One of the parents at the hearing was Susan Mishanski of Hanover Township.
Her son, Kevin, now 18, was sentenced to 90 days in a juvenile detention
facility last year for a simple assault case that everyone had told her would
result in probation, since Kevin had never been in trouble before and the boy he
hit merely had a black eye.
"It's horrible to have your child taken away in shackles right in front of you
when you think you're going home with him," she said. "It was nice to see them
sitting on the other side of the bench."
Copyright 2009 The New York Times Company
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