Latin phrases, sayings
Terminology

[In process of building, as many old books use Latin terminology.]

http://latin-phrases.co.uk/

http://www.lawguru.com/dictionary/term.php?id=3970&searchtext=MAXIM.

Argumentum ad metam or argumentum in terrorem (appeal to fear)

Argumentum ad populum

Appeal to Envy (AKA, Argumentum ad Invidiam)

Appeal to Hatred (AKA, Argumentum ad Odium)

Appeal to Pity (AKA, Argumentum ad Misericordiam)

Appeal to Pride (AKA, Argumentum ad Superbium)

Argument from Ignorance (Argumentum ad Ignorantiam)

Argumentum ad baculum ( argument to the cudgel or appeal to the stick), also known as appeal to force

Cuique in arte sua credendnm est

or, to use the grand words of Aristotle, "We are bound to give heed to the undemonstrated sayings and opinions of the experienced and aged, not less than to demonstrations; because, from their having the eye of experience, they behold the principles of things." Instead of trusting logical science, we must trust persons, namely, those who by long acquaintance with their subject have a right to judge. http://www.ndc.edu/mccloskey_grammar/chapter8.htm

Securus judicat orbis terrarum:  The verdict of the world is conclusive.

confiteor unum baptisma.

Credo quia impossibile

ubique et ab omnibus

ab initio

post hoc mistaken for the propter hoc

Non sequitur - "it does not follow" - the logic falls down.

Post hoc, ergo propter hoc - "it happened after so it was caused by" - confusion of cause and effect.

cum hoc ergo propter hoc (Correlation implies causation)

Post hoc ergo propter hoc  (it is not always true that the first event caused the second event.)

petitio principii