Paragraph 6 and 7:
Finally, it appears as if no exposure to swine has occurred among people who have come down with the current novel H1N1 virus. The virus has elements of human, swine, and avian viruses normally found in Europe or Asia. It is this genetic analysis of the virus which has really developed the level of concern for this outbreak. If there wasn't a match with the US virus the fact that it is being transmitted out of season and in young, healthy adults might have even been overlooked. So, in summary, the reason that we are calling this virus swine flu is the history and evolution of the virus.
It also rests on the fact that
some of the genetic analysis indicates
that elements from viruses that have
traditionally been found in swine
populations are incorporated.
However since we know nothing of how
this particular virus has gotten into
the human population but there
apparently is no history of swine
exposure, it probably makes more sense
epidemiologically to refer to this
simply as an H1N1 influenza virus.
Another internet
item describes the virus this way:
The CDC said genetic
sequencing of samples from the first two
patients, California children who lived
in adjacent counties, show that the
swine flu virus contains segments from
four different viruses: some North
American swine, some North American
avian, one human influenza, and two
Eurasian swine.
Another story on the same site said:
The
viruses from the two patients are
similar, and ....the
majority of
their genes, including the
hemagglutinin gene, are
similar to
those of swine flu viruses that have
circulated in US pigs since about
1999, the CDC reports.
But the
genes for the neuraminidase (NA) and
matrix (M) proteins are similar to
corresponding genes of Eurasian swine
flu viruses. "This particular
genetic combination of swine influenza
virus segments has not been recognized
previously among swine or human isolates
in the United States, or elsewhere based
on analyses of influenza genomic
sequences available on GenBank," the
report states.
So there you go.
But there's something that doesn't add
up here. Exactly WHAT has this got to
do with Mexico, apart from the fact that
it "started" there? If all those
viruses originated everywhere else
BUT Mexico, just
why are Mexico pork products being
banned? Why is Mexico taking the rap?
Why is no-one asking serious questions
about the make up of this virus?
Even
MSN has something interesting to say:
Near the bottom you read this gem:
CDC officials described the virus as
having a unique combination of gene
segments not seen in people or pigs
before. The bug contains human virus,
avian virus from North America and pig
viruses from North America, Europe and
Asia.
Health officials have seen mixes of bird, pig and human virus before, but never such an intercontinental combination with more than one pig virus in the mix.
Note that word, "intercontinental".
And what about this little "item" which
someone emailed me this morning?
_________________________________________________
Receptor Specificity and
Host Adaptation of Recent Swine
Influenza Viruses
Primary Author:
Shobana Raghunath (shoba@vt.edu)
Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences
Virginia-Maryland Regional College of
Veterinary Medicine
Secondary Authors:
Laure Deflube (ladeflub@vt.edu)
Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences
Thomas Rogers-Cottrone (trogersc@vt.edu)
Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences
Dan Qiao (qiao@vt.edu)
Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences
Vrushali Chavan (vrushali@vt.edu)
Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences
Elankumaran Subbiah (kumarans@vt.edu)
Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are generally
host specific and they rarely establish
stable lineages in another species.
Although whole viruses may rarely
transmit, gene segments can reassort and
viruses cross the species barrier.
However,
swine
influenza A viruses (SIV) have
established
stable genetic lineages in turkeys in
the United States in recent years.
Despite their uniform ability to bind to
oligosaccharide-containing sialic acids,
IAVs show differences in receptor
specificity. The preferential
binding to ?-2, 3 (avian) or ?-2, 6 (swine
and human)-linked oligosaccharides
can be altered by changes in HA-specific
amino acids that influence both host
specificity and cell tropism.
To identify the minimal amino acid
changes involved in receptor specificity
and efficient transmission of SIV to
turkeys, we have sequentially
passaged five recent triple reassortant
H3N2 SIV isolates from Minnesota in nine
to 11 day-old specific-pathogen-free
turkey embryos. Complete
nucleotide sequencing of the PB1, HA and
NA genes before and after each passage
was undertaken to identify the
host-adapted changes in the antigenic
sites and host specific amino acids. We
showed that virus replication in turkey
embryos leads to mutations in the HA
gene of SIVs that are similar to those
found in triple reassortant turkey H3N2
viruses. Glycan-HA interactions in the
respiratory epithelial cells of swine
and turkeys was analyzed. Homology
modeling of HA1 proteins indicated a
switch in the glycan topology from the
open umbrella structure to the cone form
after passaging the viruses in turkey
embryos. Our results suggest that turkey
embryos could serve as an alternative
model to study virus evolution and
interspecies transmission of SIVs.
___________________________________________________
How many labs, apart from this American
Lab, have been tinkering around with
bird/human/swine combination viruses
like this? Might this be some "oops"
errr... um... "accidental" release? Sort
of like
the Barker incident? Or ....what?
In the meantime, the media, instead of
asking real questions, goes straight for
the emotional jugular. Take people's
mind off the recession/depression???
Ramp up fear, so that everyone's immune
system is so stressed that it crashes
out, making them more susceptible to any
disease?
The "experts" are saying that this might
fizzle out into a hugely big yawn, but
my gut doesn't tell me that, yet....
If it does fizzle out, will anyone ask
why it is, that deaths only hit in
Mexico, with viruses that didn't even
originate there? Are we being told the
truth about how many deaths in Mexico?
Is Mexico doing a "China" to protect
their tourism, and shot economy? Is
there more to this than is being told?
The medical profession in this country
as reported by the
New Zealand Herald, have attempted
to stop the media giving the drama the
full monty, which is good in one
respect, but highly unusual, since New
Zealand doctors don't like to miss an
opportunity to persuade people to
believe the worst, and get a needle. If
they're being honest, good on them:
Dr Jacobs reiterated cases
of influenza A on flight NZ5 had not
been confirmed.
"At this stage there's nothing about NZ5 that makes it any different to any other group of people coming back from the US and Mexico, because we don't have confirmed cases of influenza A on that flight."
Dr Jacobs said he was happy with the way the suspected swine flu cases had been handled.
"Until late yesterday afternoon we didn't even know for sure these people had influenza.
"What they had was mild upper respiratory infection, so it could just have easily been a cold," he said.
"It could turn out to be one of the many other forms of influenza A."
Dr Jacobs said health officials had been reacting to information as it became available.
He said that only a small group of people would have had contact with the students and of the students themselves, very few were feeling unwell.
He said New Zealand was in quite a different situation to Mexico where there were potentially many infections but only a small number of tests for the virus had been carried out.
"The great, great majority of potential cases in Mexico still haven't been confirmed as linked to this particular swine flu," he said.
"It's still early days in terms of what we know but there's no indication it's any more infectious than any other strain of influenza."
That, ladies and gentlemen, is a real
yawn.
Or is it a mirage? Who knows?
There's part of me that says that the
official laisse-faire attitude, might
turn out to be wrong. I felt from the
start, that the Bird Flu was simply a
cash cow... but this time... something
is niggling in my instincts, starting
with the "origin" of this very
suspiciously unnatural mixture of
viruses.
Lots of other questions percolate ...
just a few are.... why now?
Coincidence? Why... just after the USA
elections? Coincidence? Why just after
so many little people have had their
livelihoods fleeced by banks?
Coincidence???
There are also a whole lot of medical
"coincidences" which I've not mentioned
here, that also don't add up. So I will
wait, and watch, and think. And maybe
blog some more...
But ... before you shut your eyes
completely on this blog..., do read
this.
It could be very very important....